There is an ongoing battle going on for survival in your intestines between good vs bad bacteria. And the winning team is directionally proportional to how many plant based foods you eat. Space and nutrients are limited, and only the strongest will survive. Researchers estimate over 100 trillion microbes from anywhere between 500-1000 different species residing within the human intestines, alongside countless numbers of viruses and fungi. The composition and balance of these bacteria are constantly changing, with factors such as age, diet, lifestyle and antibiotic exerting the most influence.

Beneficial Gut Bacteria

The good guys (such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus) live symbiotically with us, thriving on plant based prebiotic fibers (the more colorful the better) and resistant starches (the parts of grains, seeds, legumes we are unable to digest) and converting them into inflammation reducing short chain fatty acids and brain boosting neurotransmitters. The metabolites they produce in the way of short chain fatty acids also help to maintain a low acid environment in the colon, which discourages the growth of acid loving pathogenic bacteria. As if those benefits are not enough to make you want to add more fruits and vegetables to your diet, these healthy bacteria also make important contributions to human metabolism and physiology by converting the plant based fibers we are unable to digest and into enzymes and vitamins (such as B & K).

Harmful Gut Bacteria

On the other hand, the bad guys, or more harmful bacteria that can take over, love processed high sugar / fat foods and are scientifically proven to produce pro inflammatory endotoxic byproducts. When they overgrow and crowd out the good guys and cause a condition known as dysbiosis (basically this means the bacteria in the gut is imbalanced) this can trigger a bigger problem – leaky gut syndrome. Leaky gut syndrome happens when the delicate intestinal lining which protects our bodies from the outside world of potential toxins and pathogenic invaders is compromised, and it is with this loss of gut barrier function that endotoxins are allowed to pass from the gut lumen into systemic circulation. GI disorders, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, allergy and central nervous system-related diseases can all manifest under these circumstances.

Armed with this knowledge, we can connect the dots and understand how our bodies, by way of our healthy bacteria, benefit from consuming more plants. Let’s make feedings the good guys, and starving out the bad ones a daily practice. 

For those interested in learning more about how nutrition impacts the gut microbiome, here is a highly recommended presentation given by Dr. Alessio Fasano, chief of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition at Mass General Hospital for Children. In this video he presents evidence on the connection between nutrition, microbiota composition, key intestinal functions, including gut permeability, and immune response leading to chronic inflammatory diseases.

The post Good vs Bad Gut Bacteria first appeared on Art of Healthy Eating.

As an RD, my mantra is usually a food first approach towards optimizing nutritional status or addressing deficiencies. But in the case of Vitamin D, research shows it is almost impossible to take in enough D3 to meet our needs. Over 1 billion people are estimated to be walking around deficient in Vitamin D as we speak (levels below <30 nmol/L). 

Normally in summer months, those of us living at a latitude north of 37 degrees with daily sun exposure have the capacity to make sufficient D to meet our bodies’ needs. But in the Fall and Winter, due to the angle of the sun and reduction in amount of UVB rays we are exposed to, our bodies are unable to produce what we need naturally. 

A growing body of research is associating suboptimal Vitamin D levels with higher risk for osteoporosis, depression, cognitive decline, cancer, diabetes, infections and autoimmune disease. Share this message with a friend who lives north of NC who could benefit from this important reminder on how to maintain their health as we head into winter. Click here to read more about Harvard School of Public Health’s recommendation on Vitamin D levels and supplementation.

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The post It Might Be Time to Get your Vitamin D Levels Checked first appeared on Art of Healthy Eating.

While coincidently as we approach Thanksgiving, one of the more well-known tryptophan-containing foods happens to be turkey, this essential amino acid can be found in many other dietary sources such as chicken and lamb, fish & shellfish (tuna, salmon, cod, shrimp), cheese and yogurt as well as nuts (almonds, walnuts, peanuts, cashews). 

It is found in so many foods you would think it is tough to under consume it right? Wrong. Many women consume insufficient calories in the name of dieting (especially carbohydrates, which are actually protein sparing to the body) and as a result, they are operating at a protein deficit. In what is considered a catabolic state, the body will prioritize protein intake for energy and if that is not enough even break down its own muscle stores if need be. Serotonin production will be marginal at best in this scenario. So next time you suffer from PMS related mood swings, depression or crying spells in the 2 weeks before your period, check in with yourself and make sure you are not just eating enough calories (healthy carbs like sweet potatoes, fruit, whole grains included) but also getting enough tryptophan rich protein in your diet. 

The post What Role Does Food Play in PMS? first appeared on Art of Healthy Eating.

According to the World Health Organization up to 80% of the world’s population suffers from iron deficiency. Iron is a critical mineral for the mind and body, involved in everything from keeping us feeling energized and maintaining our immune systems to helping provide restorative sleep and brain power.

What are the signs of iron deficiency?

– If you have ever shared a bed with your child and noticed a helicopter like movement in their sleeping position, (fall asleep side by side and by midnight they are perpendicular to you) low iron status could be the culprit. 
– Or maybe you notice when you are sleeping and find yourself tossing and turning, a key sign of restless leg syndrome. 
– Low iron status is also associated with poor focus and learning in kids, especially in subjects that require more concentration and brain power such as math. 
– Anxiety and depression can also be a sign of poor iron status, since iron is required by our bodies to make dopamine, a neurotransmitter critical for anxiety modulation

What do do if you suspect an iron deficiency…

– Check ferritin level via a blood test (ferritin is the protein that reflects storage levels of iron in the body) 
– Vary food sources as much as possible
– Supplement only if deficiency is discovered via lab test. Excess Iron is toxic – iron supplements should only be taken under the supervision of a qualified and licensed health care practitioner. 

Food first approach…

As with all nutrient deficiencies, a food first approach is always best. Work with a licensed health practitioner such as a registered dietitian nutritionist to assess your current status and recommend specific modifications to your eating patterns to ensure you have a balanced intake of heme and non heme iron sources as well as maximize absorption. Click here if you would like to schedule a complimentary 15 minute consultation to learn how a food first approach can help address your iron deficiency concerns whether they be poor energy, immune function, attention, focus, mood, anxiety and sleep.

The post Let’s Talk About Iron Deficiency… first appeared on Art of Healthy Eating.

It is estimated that the average adult has 39 trillion microbial cells living in it, including within the gut microbiome as well as externally living on our skin. For some relative perspective, 117 billion members of our species have ever been born on Earth. 

Until fairly recently, it was difficult for researchers to fathom the significance of this number and relative importance of these microbial communities that live symbiotically with us. Over the past ten years, over $1.7 billion dollars have been spent on microbiome research, with no sign of investment in this area slowing down. In the past several years alone close to 1000 clinical trials studies have been conducted involving microbiome related research.

What is at the root of all this intense and expensive curiosity?

We must not forget, it was the Ancient Greek physician Hippocrates who said close to 2500 years ago “All Disease Begins in the Gut.” These words grounded in medical wisdom were a prescient prescription for preventative medicine and carry an incredibly profound message, and here is why:

The gut is where we interact with the world

The gut is the first point of contact with not just food, but all sorts of environmental “stuff” we come in contact with on a regular basis … bacteria, viruses, chemicals, etc. It is no coincidence that it is within the gut that 80% of the immune system resides.

When foods are consumed that can trigger inflammatory responses due to intolerances or food allergies, this can cause inflammation to occur in the lining of the GI tract, which is where food is absorbed into the body. Our gut lining, which covers over 4000 square feet of surface area, normally acts as a tight barrier that controls what gets into our bloodstream. However, chronic intestinal inflammation can cause the gut lining to breakdown, causing a condition known as “leaky gut syndrome.”

Eventually this can lead to alterations in the gut microbiome as bacteria can translocate to other parts of the body as well cause undigested food and other toxins to penetrate through the gut wall. As research continues to evolve in this area, we are learning more about the connection between what we eat, how our bodies and microbiome respond, and how it may play a role in the development of chronic diseases. But we don’t have to wait until the specific dots connecting underlying disease pathophysiologies are discovered. Instead we can all benefit from feeding our microbiomes the high fiber, whole foods based colorful and nourishing foods it needs to not just survive, but thrive and protect us from disease and inflammatory distress.

The post Our Microbes Matter! first appeared on Art of Healthy Eating.

My favorite way to consume chia seeds is with chia pudding at breakfast – try this recipe, which is so basic and takes just a few minutes to assemble. A weekly staple in my fridge for a healthy breakfast, grab and go snack, or even dessert. Your taste buds will be happy, the microbes in your gut health will flourish, and your mood and energy will be stable thanks to all the delicious fiber and the blood sugar regulation benefits chia seeds offer. Click here for this easy and delicious recipe.

The post What’s the Hype with Chia Seeds? first appeared on Art of Healthy Eating.

Omega 3 fatty acids can be found in certain foods such as salmon, sardines, avocado, walnuts, flaxseeds, chia seeds and dark leafy greens. EPA and DHA (found in fatty fish) specifically are the long chain fatty acids associated with anti inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.

Recognizing the challenges associated with getting kids to ingest fish regularly, fish oil supplementation can be a substitute for food sourced EPA and DHA. Here is a supplement from Nordic Naturals I give to my daughters and also recommend to families for their kids (age 12+) given it is third party tested and has a mild lemon taste that doesn’t offend.

The post Is your child getting enough Omega 3? first appeared on Art of Healthy Eating.

And how does sleep effect nutrition? What is the connection and why does it matter? 

Research suggests that our circadian rhythm plays an important role in digestive physiology. When we don’t honor the natural cycle our bodies are meant to follow on an evolutionary basis (eating during daylight hours vs late night and sleeping on a diurnal, nocturnal schedule) we can end up with suboptimal digestion plus disturbances in sleep patterns, potentially causing alterations in the gut microbiome that over time can even lead to digestive disorders such as IBS and IBD. 

Human studies have demonstrated that lifestyles associated with later bed times night are associated with lower levels of melotonin production, making it harder to fall asleep and stay asleep. And when we wake up after a poor night of sleep, this has a downstream effect on our body’s ability to balance blood glucose levels (impacting mood, energy, cravings) as well as hormones involved in the metabolic processing of food and appetite regulation (ghrelin and leptin). 

If you have kids involved in sports after school you know first hand that by the time the games and practices are over, and you are home trying to make dinner, its well into the evening and you are lucky to have a hot family meal on the table before 8pm. 

So what to do? Try earlier meals whenever possible to sync with the body’s natural prime time for digestion. Putting a soup or stew together in the slow cooker or instant pot can help reduce the time spent preparing meals after a long day and speed up serving a nutrient dense dinner. Also encourage kids/family members to eat more nutrient and energy dense foods earlier in the day – this will be easier on digestion since it is aligned with circadian rhythms and lead to better quality sleep. It can be a vicious cycle with late night meals/poor sleep quality/compromised digestion- but one that can be fixed with a proactive approach, grounded in knowledge on WHY it matters!

The post How Does Food Effect Sleep? first appeared on Art of Healthy Eating.